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Home > Adoption > Types of Adoption > Interjurisdictional Placement
Interjurisdictional Placement
This section includes information on the Interstate Compact on the Placement of Children (ICPC) and the Interstate Compact on Adoption and Medical Assistance (ICAMA), including State and local examples.
ICPC, originally drafted in 1960 and enacted by all States, the District of Columbia, and the U.S. Virgin Islands, established procedures for ensuring the safety and stability of placements across State lines for children in foster care or adoption. ICAMA ensures continuity of adoption assistance payments for children in interjurisdictional placements.
Interstate placements are on the rise and are expected to grow as more children are placed with relatives and families across State lines and more prospective adoptive families access online State photolistings and the AdoptUsKids national photolisting of children waiting for families. Recent research demonstrating that interstate adoptions take approximately 1 year longer than in-State adoptions point to the need for more flexibility in the new compact. ICPC is being revised to reflect this need.
Adopting a New Compact (PDF - 556 KB)
American Public Human Services Association (2004)
Describes interstate placements and discusses considerations for a revised Interstate Compact on the Placement of Children.
Adoption Assistance by State
Child Welfare Information Gateway
Search for answers to 13 questions regarding State policies on adoption assistance and State contacts for adoption, postadoption, and medical assistance.
Association of Administrators of the Interstate Compact on Adoption and Medical Assistance
Facilitates the administration of the Interstate Compact on Adoption and Medical Assistance (ICAMA), advocates State participation in the ICAMA, and provides technical and legal assistance, education and training, and materials on practice and policy issues.
The Challenge of Interstate Placement for Adoption (PDF - 740 KB)
National Resource Center for Special Needs Adoption (2003)
Analyses of data from the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting Systems from 45 States and Puerto Rico on adoption across State lines for fiscal year 2000.
Dollars and Sense: A Guide to Achieving Adoptions Through Public-Private Contracting (PDF – 762 KB)
AdoptUsKids (2007)
Designed to provide public and private agency program managers, supervisors, and contract managers with information to facilitate the purchase of interjurisdictional adoption services.
Guide to the Interstate Compact on the Placement of Children (PDF - 355 KB)
American Public Human Services Association (2002)
Explains the key provisions of the law, including compact administration, recognition of placements under the compact, procedures for processing referrals, implementation of placements, responsibilities of sending agencies, and penalties for illegal placements.
ICPC Sending State Checklist (PDF – 398 KB)
This guide for sending States provides an overview and generalized description of how ICPC might operate for children and youth being placed across State lines for the purpose of adoption.
ICPC Receiving State Checklist (PDF – 466 KB)
This guide for receiving States provides an overview and generalized description for receiving States of how ICPC might operate for children and youth being placed across State lines for the purpose of adoption.
The ICPC Process to Place a Foster Child Out of State: A Flowchart of Stakeholders' Responsibilities (PDF - 17 KB)
North American Council of Adoptable Children (1999)
This chart, adapted from the GAO's November 1999 report, "HHS Could Better Facilitate the Interjurisdictional Adoption Process," includes responsibilities of the sending agency, sending State, receiving State, and receiving agency
Interstate Placements and Adoption Subsidies
North American Council on Adoptable Children
How adoption assistance agreements work when children move across State lines for placement.
Recommendations: ICPC and the Armed Services (PDF - 163 KB)
American Public Human Services Association
Presents five recommendations for applying the Interstate Compact on the Placement of Children to placements involving families in the armed forces.
Safeguarding Interstate Adoptions: The Interstate Compact on the Placement of Children (ICPC) (PDF - 87 KB)
Evan B. Donaldson Adoption Institute (2005)
Outlines issues relevant to current efforts to improve the ICPC system.
Understanding Delays in the Interstate Home Study Process (PDF - 2930 KB)
American Public Human Services Association (2002)
Presents results from an APHSA survey of child welfare administrators in all 50 States, the District of Columbia, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and 6 counties in California to identify the home study policies and procedures that delay interstate adoptive placements.
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State and local examples
Collaborative Adoption Project: CAP
Texas Department of Family and Protective Services (2005)
View Abstract
Identified barriers and delays to cross-jurisdictional adoptive placements and postadoption services and developed strategies to overcome these barriers.
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